PUBLIC RELEASE Annex A Heterogeneous C2: When the “C2 Approach” Requires Many C2 Approaches

SAS-065 was originally mandated by NATO-RTO-SAS1 to develop a generic conceptual model for assessing the evolving “maturity” of NATO’s command and control system.2 The mandate’s context was NATO’s force transformation initiative to improve the Network Enabled Capability (NEC) of NATO’s forces with gradual improvement from the capacity for de-conflicted operations, as prevailed during the Cold War, toward truly coherent operations coping effectively with 21-century global security challenges. An important element of this was developing convergent national roadmaps (how to get from here to there). These would be based on the Network-Centric Operations Value Chain to arrive at an eventual homogeneous collective C2 approach for NATO, one that would be capable of Coherent (Transformed) Operations (Edge C2). This was arguably a “one size fits all” idealization.